LATGRAMM.AID Lynn H. Nelson University of Kansas 30 December 1990 This grammar reference list presently contains two sections: examples of translations for the various uses of several noun cases, and the endings for regular nouns, adjectives, active verbs, and present participles. Later editions will increase this coverage. Having loaded LATGRMMR.AID and displaying it on the second screen of your word processor, you can easily flip to it and search for whatever verb or noun ending is puzzling you. Search using the form "*ending". n=noun, a=adjective, v=verb, p=present participle. If you find that the ending is that of a form of the noun or adjective that is unfamiliar to you, turn to the first section for the different uses of the cases. ablative separation : that man is WITHOUT THE SENSE of a wart hog. ablative prepositions : ab, de, cum, ex, in. ablative attendant circumstances : WITH ENOUGH MONEY, I fear nothing. ablative agent : he was killed BY AN ARROW. ablative comparison : a hero is stronger THAN FEAR. ablative description : the man WITH THE golden ARM. ablative place from which : he came OUT OF THE FOREST. ablative agent : he was captured BY SOLDIERS of Count Robert. ablative specification : he is superior to him only IN STRENGTH. ablative description : odysseus was a man OF MANY DEVICES. ablative absolute : THE KING HAVING DIED=When the king was dead. ablative place from : the bishop came FROM THE CHURCH to meet him. ablative cause : the prisoner was almost dead FROM HUNGER. ablative degr. of diff. : the soldiers arrived A FEW HOURS too late. ablative separation : the poor were deprived OF CHARITY. ablative time within which : the soldiers with come IN A FEW HOURS. accusative place to which : he is going to [ad] AMERICA. accusative space of time : the battle lasted [for] MANY HOURS. accusative exclamations : oh, DEATH, where is thy sting? accusative direct obj. : he threw THE BONE to the dog. accusative subject indir. disc. : he thinks that MEN bite [DOGS]. accusative predicate : they considered Odo [to be] A SCHOLAR. accusative double with some verbs : odo taught THE STUDENTS RHETORIC. accusative prepositions : ad: to THE DOOR; post: behind THE TREE. dative of purpose He sent tennis balls AS A JOKE. dative of purpose This sword was made FOR KILLING. dative of separation Follows compound verbs with AB, DE, EX, AD. dative of interest There is no fear in it FOR ME. dative + adjective He is friendly TO HIM [WITH HIM] dative + adjective The terrain is suitable FOR A BATTLE. dative of separation They carried him away FROM THE VILLAGE. dative. indir. object He threw the bone TO THE DOG. dative. posession. It is TO THE DOG. It is THE DOG'S. genitive. charge. He is guilty OF MURDER. genitive. indefinite. A box OF [some] WEIGHT. genitive. description. He was a man OF NO CHARACTER. genitive. material. A statue made OF SILVER. genitive. objective. He had no fear OF DEATH. genitive. partitive. One out OF A MILLION. genitive. possession: The MAN'S dog. The dog OF THE MAN. n * masc. nom. sing. 3 v * 3 sing. pres. imperative act. : (you) GO! a *a 1 fem sing abl a *a 1 neut plur acc a *a 1 neut plur nom a *a 1 fem sing nom n *a neut. nom. pl. 2 n *a fem. nom. sing. 1 n *a : neut. acc. pl. 2 n *a : fem. abl. sing. 1 n *a neut. acc. pl. v *a 1 sing. pres. imperative act. : (you) GO! a *ae 1 fem plur nom a *ae 1 fem sing gen a *ae 1 fem sing dat n *ae : fem. dat. sing. 1 n *ae : fem. nom. pl. 1 n *ae : fem. gen. sing. 1 a *am 1 fem sing acc v *am 3-5 1p ft act ind I shall see, I shall be seeing. v *am 2-5 1p pr act sub I might see, I would be seeing. v *amus 1 1p pr act ind you and I see, we do see, we are seeing v *amus 2-5 1p pr act sub were we to see, we might see, we would v *ant 1 3p pr act ind they see, they do see, they are seeing v *ant 2-5 3p pr act sub they might see, should they see. a *arum 1 fem plur gen n *arum : fem. gen. pl. 1 a *as 1 fem plur acc n *as : fem. acc. pl. 1 v *as 2-5 2s pr act sub you might see, you might be seeing. v *as 1 2s pr act ind you see, you do see, you are seeing. v *at 1 3s pr act ind the X sees, he does see, she is seeing v *at 2-5 3s pr act sub he might see, he would be seeing. v *ate 1 pl. pres. imperative act. : (you all) GO! v *atis 2-5 2p pr act sub you all would see, were you all to s. v *atis 1 2p pr act ind you all see, you all are seeing. v *bam 1-5 1s ps act ind I saw, I was seeing, I did see. v *bamus 1-5 1p ps act ind we saw, Tom and I were seeing. v *bant 1-5 3p ps act ind they saw, the rats did see. v *bas 1-5 2s ps act ind you saw, you were seeing, you did s. v *bat 1-5 3s ps act ind he saw, she was seeing, it did see. v *batis 1-5 2p ps act ind you all saw, you all did see. v *bimus 1-2 1p ft act ind we shall see, we shall be seeing. v *bis 1-2 2s ft act ind you will see, you will be seeing. v *bit 1-2 3s ft act ind he will see, she will be seeing. v *bitis 1-2 2p ft act ind you all shall see, you all shall v *bo 1-2 1s ft act ind I shall see, I shall be seeing. v *bunt 1-2 3p ft act ind they shall see, they shall be seeing. a *e 1 fem sing gen a *e 3/2 neut sing acc a *e 3/2 neut sing nom a *e 1 fem plur nom a *e 1 fem sing dat n *e : masc. abl. sing. n *e : masc. abl. sing. 3 n *e : fem. abl. sing. 3 n *e : masc. abl. sing. 4 n *e : neut. abl. sing. 3 n *e : neut. nom. sing. 3 n *e : fem. abl. sing. 3 n *e : neut. acc. sing. 3 v *e 5 sing. pres. imperative act. : (you) GO! v *e 2 sing. pres. imperative act. : (you) GO! n *ebus : masc. dat. pl. 5 n *ebus : masc. abl. pl. 5 n *ei : masc. gen. sing. 5 n *ei : masc. dat. sing. 5 a *em 3/2 m/f sing acc n *em : masc. acc. sing. 3 n *em : fem. acc. sing. 3 n *em : fem. acc. sing. 3 n *em : masc. acc. sing. 5 n *em : masc. acc. sing. 3 v *emus 3-5 1p ft act ind we shall see, we shall be seeing. v *emus 1 1p pr act sub were we to see, we might see, we would v *emus 2 1p pr act ind you and I see, we do see, we are seeing a *ens 3/1 fem sing nom a *ens 3/1 neut sing nom a *ens 3/1 masc sing nom p *ens 3/1 masc sing nom Present participle. p *ens 3/1 fem sing nom Present participle. p *ens 3/1 neut sing nom Present participle. v *ent 3-5 3p ft act ind they shall see, the women will be seeing. v *ent 2 3p pr act ind they see, they do see, the men are seeing v *ent 1 3p pr act sub they might see, should they see. p *ente 3/1 fem sing abl Present participle. p *ente 3/1 neut sing abl Present participle. p *ente 3/1 masc sing abl Present participle. a *entem 3/1 fem sing acc a *entem 3/1 masc sing acc p *entem 3/1 masc sing acc Present participle. p *entem 3/1 fem sing acc Present participle. a *entens 3/1 neut sing acc p *entens 3/1 neut sing acc Present participle. a *entes 3/1 masc plur nom a *entes 3/1 masc plur acc a *entes 3/1 fem plur acc a *entes 3/1 fem plur nom p *entes 3/1 masc plur nom Present participle. p *entes 3/1 fem plur nom Present participle. p *entes 3/1 masc plur acc Present participle. p *entes 3/1 fem plur acc Present participle. a *enti 3/1 fem sing dat a *enti 3/1 fem sing abl a *enti 3/1 neut sing abl a *enti 3/1 masc sing dat a *enti 3/1 neut sing dat a *enti 3/1 masc sing abl p *enti 3/1 masc sing dat Present participle. p *enti 3/1 fem sing dat Present participle. p *enti 3/1 neut sing dat Present participle. a *entia 3/1 neut plur nom a *entia 3/1 neut plur acc p *entia 3/1 neut plur acc Present participle. p *entia 3/1 neut plur nom Present participle. a *entibus 3/1 fem plur dat a *entibus 3/1 neut plur abl a *entibus 3/1 masc plur dat a *entibus 3/1 fem plur abl a *entibus 3/1 neut plur dat a *entibus 3/1 masc plur abl p *entibus 3/1 fem plur abl Present participle. p *entibus 3/1 masc plur dat Present participle. p *entibus 3/1 neut plur abl Present participle. p *entibus 3/1 fem plur dat Present participle. p *entibus 3/1 neut plur dat Present participle. p *entibus 3/1 masc plur abl Present participle. a *entis 3/1 fem sing gen a *entis 3/1 masc sing gen a *entis 3/1 neut sing gen p *entis 3/1 masc sing gen Present participle. p *entis 3/1 fem sing gen Present participle. p *entis 3/1 neut sing gen Present participle. a *entium 3/1 masc plur gen a *entium 3/1 neut plur gen a *entium 3/1 fem plur gen p *entium 3/1 neut plur gen Present participle. p *entium 3/1 masc plur gen Present participle. p *entium 3/1 fem plur gen Present participle. a *er 2 masc sing nom a *er 3/3 masc sing nom v *erim 1-5 1s pf act sub were I to have gone. v *erimus 1-5 1p pf act sub you and I might have passed. v *erint 1-5 3p pf act sub if they were to have been at peace. v *eris 1-5 2s pf act sub Were you to have gone. v *erit 1-5 3s pf act sub the horse Would have gone. v *eritis 1-5 2p pf act sub Were you all to have studied. n *erum : masc. gen. pl. 5/"e" appears in all forms. a *es 3/2 m/f plur nom a *es 3/2 m/f plur acc n *es : fem. acc. pl. n *es : fem. nom. sing. n *es : fem. nom. sing. n *es : fem. nom. sing. n *es : masc. acc. pl. n *es : masc. nom. pl. n *es : masc. nom. sing. n *es : masc. nom. pl. n *es : fem. acc. pl. n *es : fem. nom. sing. n *es : masc. acc. pl. n *es : masc. nom. sing. n *es : masc. acc. pl. v *es 2 2s pr act ind you see, you are seeing. v *es 3-5 2p ft act ind you will see, you will be seeing. v *es 1 2s pr act sub you might see, you might be seeing. v *et 2 3s pr act ind he sees, she is seeing v *et 3-5 3p ft act ind he will see, she will be seeing. v *et 1 3s pr act sub he might see, he would be seeing. v *ete 2 pl. pres. imperative act. : (you all) GO! v *etis 2 2p pr act ind you all see, you all are seeing. v *etis 3-5 2p ft act ind you all shall see. v *etis 1 2p pr act sub you all would see, were you all to see. a *i 3/2 m/f sing dat a *i 1 masc sing gen a *i 3/2 neut sing dat a *i 3/2 neut sing abl a *i 1 neut sing gen a *i 1 masc plur nom a *i 3/2 m/f sing abl n *i : masc. dat. sing. 3 n *i : fem. dat. sing. 3 n *i : masc. dat. sing. 3 n *i : fem. dat. sing. 3 n *i : masc. gen. sing. 2 n *i : masc. nom. pl. 2 n *i : neut. abl. sing. 3 n *i : neut. dat. sing. 3 n *i : neut. gen. sing. 2 v *i 4 sing. pres. imperative act. : (you) GO! a *ia 3/2 neut plur nom a *ia 3/2 neut plur acc n *ia : neut. acc. pl. 3 n *ia : neut. nom. pl. 3 a *ibus 3/2 m/f plur dat a *ibus 3/2 neut plur dat a *ibus 3/2 m/f plur abl a *ibus 3/2 neut plur abl n *ibus : fem. dat. pl. 3 n *ibus : masc. abl. pl. 3 n *ibus : masc. abl. pl. 3 n *ibus : masc. abl. pl. 4 n *ibus : masc. dat. pl. 3 n *ibus : masc. dat. pl. 3 n *ibus : masc. dat. pl. 4 n *ibus : neut. abl. pl. 3 n *ibus : neut. dat. pl. 4 n *ibus : fem. abl. pl. 3 n *ibus : neut. dat. pl. 3 n *ibus : neut. abl. pl. 4 n *ibus : fem. abl. pl. 3 n *ibus : fem. dat. pl. 3 v *imus 3-5 1p pr act ind you and I see, we are seeing. a *ior fem sing nom comparative adjective a *ior masc sing nom comparative adjective a *iora neut plur nom comparative adjective a *iora neut plur acc comparative adjective a *iore fem sing abl comparative adjective a *iore neut sing abl comparative adjective a *iore masc sing abl comparative adjective a *iorem fem sing acc comparative adjective a *iorem masc sing acc comparative adjective a *iores fem plur nom comparative adjective a *iores masc plur acc comparative adjective a *iores masc plur nom comparative adjective a *iores fem plur acc comparative adjective a *iori neut sing dat comparative adjective a *iori fem sing dat comparative adjective a *iori masc sing dat comparative adjective a *ioribus fem plur dat comparative adjective a *ioribus fem plur abl comparative adjective a *ioribus masc plur abl comparative adjective a *ioribus neut plur dat comparative adjective a *ioribus neut plur abl comparative adjective a *ioribus masc plur dat comparative adjective a *ioris fem sing gen comparative adjective a *ioris neut sing gen comparative adjective a *ioris masc sing gen comparative adjective a *iroum fem plur gen comparative adjective a *iroum neut plur gen comparative adjective a *iroum masc plur gen comparative adjective a *is 3/2 m/f sing nom a *is 1 masc plur abl a *is 1 fem plur dat a *is 1 fem plur abl a *is 1 neut plur dat a *is 3/2 neut sing gen a *is 1 masc plur dat a *is 1 neut plur abl a *is 3/2 m/f sing gen n *is : masc. nom. sing. n *is : neut. abl. pl. 2 n *is : fem. dat. pl. 1 n *is : neut. gen. sing. n *is : fem. abl. pl. 1 n *is : fem. gen. sing. n *is : fem. gen. sing. n *is : masc. abl. pl. 2 n *is : masc. gen. sing. n *is : masc. dat. pl. 2 n *is : masc. gen. sing. v *is 3-5 2s pr act ind you see, you do see, you are seeing. v *issem 1-5 1s pp act sub HAD I STUDIED, I would have passed. v *issemus 1-5 1p pp act sub HAD WE STUDIED, we would have passed. v *issent 1-5 2p pp act sub HAD THEY STUDIED, they would have p. v *isses 1-5 2s pp act sub HAD YOU STUDIED, you would have p. v *isset 1-5 3s pp act sub HAD THEY STUDIED, they would have p. v *issetis 1-5 2p pp act sub HAD YOU ALL STUDIED, you would have p. v *it 3-5 3s pr act ind it sees, he does see, she is seeing v *ite 3-5 pl. pres. imperative act. : (you all) GO! v *itis 3-5 2p pr act ind you all see, you all do see. a *ium 3/2 m/f plur gen a *ium 3/2 neut plur gen n *ium : fem gen. pl. 3 n *ium : masc gen. pl. 3 n *ium : neut. gen. pl. 3 a *ius neut sing nom comparative adjective a *ius neut sing acc comparative adjective n *m : fem. acc. sing. 1 a *o 1 masc sing abl a *o 1 masc sing dat a *o 1 neut sing abl a *o 1 neut sing dat n *o : masc. abl. sing. 2 n *o : masc. dat. sing. 2 n *o : neut. abl. sing. 2 n *o : neut. dat. sing. 2 v *o 1-5 1s pr act ind I see, I do see, I am seeing. n *ora : neut. nom. pl. 3 n *ori : neut. dat. sing. n *oribus : neut. abl. pl. n *oribus : neut. dat. pl. n *oris : neut. gen. sing. a *orum 1 neut plur gen a *orum 1 masc plur gen n *orum : masc. gen. pl. 2 n *orum : neut. gen. pl. 2 n *orum : neut. nom. pl. 3 a *os 1 masc plur acc n *os : masc. acc. pl. 2 a *re 3/3 fem sing acc a *re 3/3 neut sing nom a *re 3/3 neut sing acc a *rem 3/3 masc sing acc v *rem 1-5 1s ps act sub would see, I would be seeing. v *remus 1-5 1p ps act sub were we to see, we might see. v *rent 1-5 3p ps act sub they might see, should they see. a *res 3/3 masc plur nom a *res 3/3 masc plur acc v *res 1-5 2s ps act sub you might see, you might be seeing. v *ret 1-5 3s ps act sub she might see, he would be seeing. v *retis 1-5 2p ps act sub you all would see, were you to see. a *ri 3/3 fem sing dat a *ri 3/3 fem sing abl a *ri 3/3 neut sing dat a *ri 3/3 neut sing abl a *ri 3/3 masc sing dat a *ri 3/3 masc sing abl a *ria 3/3 fem plur nom a *ria 3/3 fem plur acc a *ria 3/3 neut plur nom a *ria 3/3 neut plur acc a *ribus 3/3 masc plur abl a *ribus 3/3 fem plur dat a *ribus 3/3 fem plur abl a *ribus 3/3 neut plur abl a *ribus 3/3 masc plur dat a *ribus 3/3 neut plur dat a *ris 3/3 fem sing nom a *ris 3/3 fem sing gen a *ris 3/3 neut sing gen a *ris 3/3 masc sing gen a *rium 3/3 fem plur gen a *rium 3/3 neut plur gen a *rium 3/3 masc plur gen n *u : neut. abl. sing. 4 n *u : neut. acc. sing. 4 n *u : neut. dat sing. 4 n *u : masc. abl. sing. 4 n *u : neut. nom. sing. 4 n *ua : neut. nom. pl. 4 n *ua : neut. acc. pl. 4 v *ueram 1-5 1s pp act ind I had seen, I had been seeing. v *ueramus 1-5 1p pp act ind we had seen, we had been seeing. v *uerant 1-5 3p pp act ind the monks had seen, they had been seeing. v *ueras 1-5 2s pp act ind you had seen, you had been seeing. v *uerat 1-5 3s pp act ind the king had seen, you had been seeing. v *ueratis 1-5 2p pp act ind you all had seen, you all had been s. v *uerimus 1-5 1p fp act ind we shall have seen. v *uerint 1-5 3p fp act ind they will have seen. v *ueris 1-5 2s fp act ind you will have seen. v *uerit 1-5 3s fp act ind she will have seen. v *ueritis 1-5 2p fp act ind you all will have seen. v *uero 1-5 1s fp act ind I shall have seen. v *uerunt 1-2 3p pf act ind the monks have seen. n *ui : masc. dat. sing. 4 v *ui 1-2 1s pf act ind I have seen, I have been seeing. v *uimus 1-2 1p pf act ind we have seen, we have been seeing. v *uisti 1-2 2s pf act ind you have seen, you have been seeing. v *uistis 1-2 2p pf act ind you all have seen, you all have been v *uit 1-2 3s pf act ind the king has seen, you have been seeing. a *um 1 masc sing acc a *um 1 neut sing nom a *um 1 neut sing acc n *um : masc. gen. pl. 3 n *um : neut. nom. sing. 2 n *um : masc. acc.sing. 2 n *um : neut. acc.sing. 2 n *um : masc. acc. sing. 4 v *unt 3-5 3p pr act ind they see, they do see, they are seeing a *us 1 masc sing nom n *us : masc. acc. pl. 4 n *us : masc. nom. sing. 2 n *us : neut. acc. sing. 3 n *us : masc. nom. pl. 4 n *us : neut. nom. sing. 3 n *us : masc. nom. sing. 4 n *us : neut. gen. sing. 4 n *us : masc. gen. sing. 4 n *uum : masc. gen. pl. 4 n *uum : neut. gen. pl. 4 v *em 1 1s pr act sub I would see, I would be seeing